Radiography and Radiology for Dental Care Professionals Eric Whaites and Nicholas Drage

Includes Bibliographical References and Index

CONTENTS:
Front cover; Half title page; Dedication; Radiography and Radiology for Dental Care Professionals; Copyright page; Table of Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of colour plates; Additional online material; Colour plates; 1 Introduction; 1 The radiographic image; Introduction; Nature of the radiographic image; The radiographic shadows; The three-dimensional anatomical tissues; The limitations imposed by a two-dimensional image and superimposition; Appreciating the overall shape; Superimposition and assessing the location and shape of structures within an object. Quality of the radiographic imagePositioning of the image receptor, object and X-ray beam; X-ray beam characteristics; Perception of the radiographic image; Effect of partial images; Effect of contrast; Effect of context; Common types of dental radiographs; 2 Radiation physics, equipment and radiation protection; 2 The production, properties and interactions of X-rays; Introduction; Atomic structure; Useful definitions; Main features of the atomic particles; Nuclear particles (nucleons); Protons; Neutrons; Electrons; Summary of important points on atomic structure; X-ray production. Main features and requirements of an X-ray tubePractical considerations; Interactions at the atomic level; Heat-producing collisions; Important points to note; X-ray-producing collisions; X-ray spectra; Continuous spectrum; Summary of important points; Characteristic spectrum; Summary of important points; Combined spectra; Summary of the main properties and characteristics of X-rays; Interaction of X-rays with matter; Definition of terms used in X-ray interactions; Interaction of X-rays at the atomic level; Photoelectric effect; Summary of the stages in the photoelectric effect. Important points to noteCompton effect; Summary of the stages in the Compton effect; Important points to note; 3 Dental X-ray equipment, image receptors and image processing; Dental X-ray generating equipment; Ideal requirements; Main components of the tubehead; Focal spot size and the principle of line focus; Main components of the control panel; Circuitry and tube voltage; Other X-ray generating apparatus; Image receptors; Radiographic film; Direct-action (non-screen) film; Uses; Sizes; The film packet contents; The radiographic film; Film orientation; Film speed; Resolution. Indirect-action filmUses; Indirect-action film construction; Intensifying screens; Action; Fluorescent materials; Rare earth and related screens; Calcium tungstate screens; Cassettes; Types; Construction; Important practical points to note; Film storage; Screen maintenance; Digital receptors; Uses; Solid-state sensors; Intraoral sensors; Construction and design; CCD (charge-coupled device); CMOS (complementary metal oxide detectors); Extraoral sensors; Photostimulable phosphor storage plates; Plate construction and design; Image processing; Chemical processing; Theory; Stage 1: Development.