Neuroscience / edited by Dale Purves ... [et al.].

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Preface xvi
Acknowledgments xvii
Supplements to Accompany Neuroscience xviii
Studying the Nervous Systems of Humans and Other Animals
1 (30)
Overview
1 (1)
Genetics, Genomics, and the Brain
1 (1)
The Cellular Components of the Nervous System
2 (2)
Neurons
4 (4)
Neuroglial Cells
8 (1)
Cellular Diversity in the Nervous System
9 (2)
Neural Circuits
11 (3)
Overall Organization of the Human Nervous System
14 (2)
Neuroanatomical Terminology
16 (2)
The Subdivisions of the Central Nervous System
18 (2)
Organizational Principles of Neural Systems
20 (3)
Functional Analysis of Neural Systems
23 (1)
Analyzing Complex Behavior
24 (2)
Box A Brain Imaging Techniques
25 (1)
Summary
26 (5)
Unit I NEURAL SIGNALING
Electrical Signals of Nerve Cells
31 (16)
Overview
31 (1)
Electrical Potentials across Nerve Cell Membranes
31 (3)
How Ionic Movements Produce Electrical Signals
34 (2)
The Forces That Create Membrane Potentials
36 (2)
Electrochemical Equilibrium in an Environment with More Than One Permeant Ion
38 (2)
The Ionic Basis of the Resting Membrane Potential
40 (3)
Box A The Remarkable Giant Nerve Cells of Squid
41 (2)
The Ionic Basis of Action Potentials
43 (2)
Box B Action Potential Form and Nomenclature
44 (1)
Summary
45 (2)
Voltage-Dependent Membrane Permeability
47 (22)
Overview
47 (1)
Ionic Currents Across Nerve Cell Membranes
47 (2)
Box A The Voltage Clamp Method
48 (1)
Two Types of Voltage-Dependent Ionic Current
49 (3)
Two Voltage-Dependent Membrane Conductances
52 (2)
Reconstruction of the Action Potential
54 (2)
Long-Distance Signaling by Means of Action Potentials
56 (5)
Box B Threshold
57 (3)
Box C Passive Membrane Properties
60 (1)
The Refractory Period
61 (2)
Increased Conduction Velocity as a Result of Myelination
63 (2)
Summary
65 (4)
Box D Multiple Sclerosis
66 (3)
Channels and Transporters
69 (24)
Overview
69 (1)
Ion Channels Underlying Action Potentials
69 (4)
Box A The Patch Clamp Method
70 (3)
The Diversity of Ion Channels
73 (3)
Box B Expression of Ion Channels in Xenopus Oocytes
75 (1)
Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
76 (2)
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
78 (1)
Stretch- and Heat-Activated Channels
78 (1)
The Molecular Structure of Ion Channels
79 (7)
Box C Toxins That Poison Ion Channels
82 (2)
Box D Diseases Caused by Altered Ion Channels
84 (2)
Active Transporters Create and Maintain Ion Gradients
86 (1)
Functional Properties of the Na+ / K+ Pump
87 (2)
The Molecular Structure of the Na+ / K+ Pump
89 (1)
Summary
90 (3)
Synaptic Transmission
93 (36)
Overview
93 (1)
Electrical Synapses
93 (3)
Signal Transmission at Chemical Synapses
96 (1)
Properties of Neurotransmitters
96 (6)
Box A Criteria That Define a Neurotransmitter
99 (3)
Quantal Release of Neurotransmitters
102 (1)
Release of Transmitters from Synaptic Vesicles
103 (2)
Local Recycling of Synaptic Vesicles
105 (2)
The Role of Calcium in Transmitter Secretion
107 (3)
Box B Diseases That Affect the Presynaptic Terminal
108 (2)
Molecular Mechanisms of Transmitter Secretion
110 (3)
Neurotransmitter Receptors
113 (3)
Box C Toxins That Affect Transmitter Release
115 (1)
Postsynaptic Membrane Permeability Changes during Synaptic Transmission
116 (5)
Excitatory and Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials
121 (2)
Summation of Synaptic Potentials
123 (1)
Two Families of Postsynaptic Receptors
124 (2)
Summary
126 (3)
Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors
129 (36)
Overview
129 (1)
Categories of Neurotransmitters
129 (1)
Acetylcholine
129 (8)
Box A Addiction
134 (2)
Box B Neurotoxins that Act on Postsynaptic Receptors
136 (1)
Glutamate
137 (6)
Box C Myasthenia Gravis: An Autoimmune Disease of Neuromuscular Synapses
140 (3)
GABA and Glycine
143 (4)
Box D Excitotoxicity Following Acute Brain Injury
145 (2)
The Biogenic Amines
147 (5)
Box E Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters and Psychiatric Disorders
148 (4)
ATP and Other Purines
152 (1)
Peptide Neurotransmitters
153 (4)
Unconventional Neurotransmitters
157 (4)
Box F Marijuana and the Brain
160 (1)
Summary
161 (4)
Molecular Signaling within Neurons
165 (24)
Overview
165 (1)
Strategies of Molecular Signaling
165 (2)
The Activation of Signaling Pathways
167 (1)
Receptor Types
168 (2)
G-Proteins and Their Molecular Targets
170 (2)
Second Messengers
172 (3)
Second Messenger Targets: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
175 (3)
Nuclear Signaling
178 (3)
Examples of Neuronal Signal Transduction
181 (3)
Summary
184 (5)
Unit II SENSATION AND SENSORY PROCESSING
The Somatic Sensory System
189 (20)
Overview
189 (1)
Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Somatic Sensory Receptors
189 (3)
Mechanoreceptors Specialized to Receive Tactile Information
192 (1)
Differences in Mechanosensory Discrimination across the Body Surface
193 (4)
Box A Receptive Fields and Sensory Maps in the Cricket
195 (1)
Box B Dynamic Aspects of Somatic Sensory Receptive Fields
196 (1)
Mechanoreceptors Specialized for proprioception
197 (2)
Active Tactile Exploration
199 (1)
The Major Afferent Pathway for Mechanosensory Information: The Dorsal Column--Medial Lemniscus System
199 (3)
The Trigeminal Portion of the Mechanosensory System
202 (1)
Box C Dermaomes
202 (1)
The Somatic Sensory Components of the Thalamus
203 (1)
The Somatic Sensory Cortex
203 (3)
Higher-Order Cortical Representations
206 (2)
Box D Patterns of Organization within the Sensory Cortices: Brain Modules
207 (1)
Summary
208 (1)
Pain
209 (20)
Overview
209 (1)
Nociceptors
209 (2)
Transduction of Nociceptive Signals
211 (2)
Box A Capsaicin
212 (1)
Central Pain Pathways
213 (7)
Box B Referred Pain
215 (3)
Box C A Dorsal Column Pathway for Visceral Pain
218 (2)
Sensitization
220 (4)
Box D Phantom Limbs and Phantom Pain
222 (2)
Descending Control of Pain Perception
224 (1)
The Placebo Effect
224 (1)
The Physiological Basis of Pain Modulation
225 (2)
Summary
227 (2)
Vision: The Eye
229 (30)
Overview
229 (1)
Anatomy of the Eye
229 (2)
The Formation of Images on the Retina
231 (3)
Box A Myopia and Other Refractive Errors
232 (2)
The Retina
234 (2)
Phototransduction
236 (4)
Box B Retinitis Pigmentosa
239 (1)
Functional Specialization of the Rod and Cone Systems
240 (4)
Box C Macular Degeneration
243 (1)
Anatomical Distribution of Rods and Cones
244 (1)
Cones and Color Vision
245 (4)
Box D The Importance of Context in Color Perception
247 (2)
Retinal Circuits for Detecting Luminance Change
249 (5)
Box E The Perception of Light Intensity
250 (4)
Contribution of Retinal Circuits to Light Adaptation
254 (3)
Summary
257 (2)
Central Visual Pathways
259 (24)
Overview
259 (1)
Central Projections of Retinal Ganglion Cells
259 (4)
Box A The Blind Spot
262 (1)
The Retinotopic Representation of the Visual Field
263 (4)
Visual Field Deficits
267 (2)
The Functional Organization of the Striate Cortex
269

A comprehensive textbook created primarily for medical and premedical students. Text boxes, new and revised, highlight topics of special interest relevant to the chapter topics; these include discussions of the major neurological diseases, research methods, and the relevant animal models. Also includes additional neuroanatomical content, including two appendices: (1) The Brainstem and Cranial Nerves, and (2) Vascular Supply, the Meninges, and Ventricles. Sylvius for Neuroscience: Visual Glossary of Human Neuroanatomy (CD included with every copy) is an interactive reference guide to the human nervous system