Global tuberculosis control : epidemiology, strategy, financing : WHO report 2009

Acknowledgments v
Abbreviations vii
Key points 1 (4)
Introduction 5 (1)
Epidemiology
6 (28)
Goals, targets and indicators for TB control
6 (1)
TB incidence, prevalence and mortality
7 (9)
Incidence
7 (5)
Prevalence
12 (1)
Mortality
12 (2)
Summary of progress towards MDG and Stop TB Partnership impact targets
14 (2)
Improving measurement of progress towards the 2015 impact targets: the WHO Global Task Force on TB Impact Measurement
16 (6)
Measurement of incidence
16 (3)
Measurement of prevalence
19 (1)
Measurement of mortality
20 (1)
Status of impact measurement in HBCs at the end of 2008
20 (2)
Case notifications
22 (1)
Total case notifications
22 (1)
Case notifications disaggregated by sex
22 (1)
Case detection rates
23 (4)
Case detection rate, all sources (DOTS and non-DOTS programmes)
23 (3)
Case detection rate, DOTS programmes
26 (1)
Outcomes of treatment in DOTS programmes
27 (3)
New smear-positive cases
27 (2)
Re-treatment cases
29 (1)
Comparison of treatment outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative TB patients
30 (1)
Progress towards reaching targets for case detection and treatment success
30 (2)
Summary
32 (2)
Strategy
34 (26)
Data reported to WHO in 2008
35 (1)
DOTS expansion and enhancement
35 (8)
DOTS coverage and numbers of patients treated
35 (2)
Political commitment
37 (1)
Early case detection through quality-assured bacterology
37 (3)
Standardized treatment with supervision, and patient support
40 (1)
Drug supply and management system
41 (1)
Monitoring and evaluation
41 (2)
Address TB/HIV, MDR-TB, and the needs of poor and vulnerable populations
43 (11)
Collaborative TB/HIV activities
43 (6)
Diagnosis and treatment of MDR-TB
49 (5)
Poor and vulnerable populations
54 (1)
Contribute to health system strengthening based on primary health care
54 (3)
Integration in primary health care
54 (1)
Alignment with broader planning and financing frameworks
55 (1)
Human resource development
55 (1)
Infection control
55 (1)
Practical Approach to Lung Health
56 (1)
Engage all care providers
57 (1)
Public-private mix approaches
57 (1)
International Standards for Tuberculosis Care
58 (1)
Empower people with TB, and communities through partnership
58 (1)
Advocacy, communication and social mobilization
58 (1)
Community participation in TB care
58 (1)
Patients' Charter for Tuberculosis Care
58 (1)
Enable and promote research
58 (1)
Summary
59 (1)
Financing
60 (18)
Data reported to WHO in 2008
60 (1)
NTP budgets, available funding and funding gaps
60 (4)
High-burden countries
60 (3)
All countries
63 (1)
Total costs of TB control
64 (5)
High-burden countries
64 (3)
All countries
67 (2)
Comparisons with the Global Plan
69 (2)
High-burden countries
69 (1)
All countries
69 (2)
Budgets and costs per patient
71 (1)
Expenditures compared with available funding and changes in the number of patients treated
72 (2)
Global Fund financing
74 (1)
High-burden countries
74 (1)
All countries
74 (1)
Funding gaps and the global financial crisis
75 (2)
Summary
77 (1)
Conclusions
78 (1)
Annex 1. Profiles of high-burden countries
79 (92)
Annex 2. Methods
171 (16)
Data collection and verification - an overview
173 (1)
Epidemiology and surveillance
174 (6)
Implementation of the Stop TB Strategy
180 (1)
Financing
181 (6)
Annex 3. The Stop TB Strategy, case reports, treatment outcomes and estimates of TB burden
187 (114)
Explanatory notes
188 (3)
Summary by WHO region
191 (6)
Africa
197 (20)
The Americas
217 (20)
Eastern Mediterranean
237 (12)
Europe
249 (20)
South-East Asia
269 (12)
Western Pacific
281 (20)
Annex 4. Surveys of tuberculosis disease and availability of death registration data at WHO, by country and year
301